What is Obessive Compulsive Disorder?

OCD manifests in many ways, but at its core, it consists of obsessions—unwanted thoughts, fears, or urges—and compulsions—repetitive actions or mental rituals performed to ease anxiety. These compulsions may seem to offer momentary relief, but in reality, they fuel a cycle of distress. Common obsessions include fears of contamination, unwanted aggressive or taboo thoughts, and excessive concerns about order and symmetry. To counter these distressing thoughts, individuals engage in compulsions such as excessive hand washing, checking, repeating phrases, or seeking reassurance.

The Difference Between Obsessions and Compulsions

Obsessions and compulsions are two distinct but interconnected aspects of OCD. Understanding their differences is crucial in addressing the disorder effectively:

• Obsessions : These are intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant distress. They often revolve around fears of contamination, harm, symmetry, morality, or inappropriate thoughts. People with OCD find these thoughts disturbing and attempt to suppress or neutralize them.
• Compulsions: These are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to obsessions. Compulsions are meant to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event, even though they are often excessive or unrealistic. Examples include excessive handwashing, checking, counting, praying, or arranging objects in a specific order.

For example, an individual with contamination OCD might have the obsessive thought that they will get sick from touching doorknobs. To cope, they may compulsively wash their hands multiple times, sometimes until their skin becomes raw. Another person with harm OCD might experience intrusive thoughts about hurting a loved one and feel compelled to repeat certain phrases to counteract these fears.

Examples of OCD

OCD can present itself in many different ways. Here are some examples of how it manifests:

• Contamination OCD: Fear of germs or illness leading to excessive hand washing, cleaning, or avoidance of public spaces.
• Checking OCD: Repeatedly checking locks, appliances, or personal belongings to prevent perceived dangers.
• Symmetry and Order OCD: The need to arrange items in a particular way to feel “just right” or prevent bad luck.
• Harm OCD: Intense fear of harming oneself or others, leading to avoidance of sharp objects or constantly seeking reassurance.
• Intrusive Thoughts OCD: Unwanted and distressing thoughts about taboo subjects, causing mental distress and avoidance behaviors.
• Hoarding OCD: Holding onto items due to a fear of losing something important or causing harm by discarding items.
• Sexual Orientation OCD (SO-OCD) involves persistent, unwanted doubts about one’s sexual orientation, causing anxiety and compulsive behaviors like reassurance-seeking, mental reviewing, or avoidance.

The Impact of OCD

OCD can be debilitating, affecting relationships, work, and overall quality of life. The constant cycle of intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors can leave individuals feeling trapped, exhausted, and isolated. The emotional toll includes heightened anxiety, depression, and a diminished sense of self-worth. Without proper intervention, OCD symptoms can escalate, making everyday activities challenging.

What Causes OCD?

The exact cause of OCD remains unclear, but researchers believe it arises from a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Some studies suggest an imbalance in serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter responsible for mood regulation. Additionally, life experiences, including trauma, heightened stress, and learned behaviors, can contribute to OCD’s development and persistence.

Effective Treatments for OCD

The road to recovery begins with recognizing the impact of OCD and seeking appropriate treatment. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) have proven highly effective in managing symptoms. These therapeutic approaches help individuals confront their fears in a safe and structured environment, gradually reducing compulsive behaviors and strengthening resilience.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment that is widely recognized as one of the most effective approaches for treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a key aspect of CBT, as it helps individuals recognize the specific thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to the persistence of their OCD symptoms. In CBT, individuals work closely with a trained therapist to explore how their obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behaviors, and how those behaviors, in turn, reinforce and worsen the anxiety caused by their obsessions.

This structured therapy helps individuals understand how their thoughts influence emotions and behaviors, empowering them to respond in healthier ways.

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)

ERP, a subset of CBT, is one of the most effective treatments for OCD. It involves exposing individuals to their fears in a controlled manner while preventing compulsive responses. This gradual approach helps desensitize individuals to anxiety triggers, allowing them to build tolerance and develop healthier coping mechanisms.

ERP typically involves working with a therapist to create a hierarchy of feared situations, starting with less distressing exposures and progressing to more challenging ones. Through repeated exposure without performing compulsions, individuals learn to tolerate discomfort, reducing the power of intrusive thoughts and significantly improving daily functioning.

Grounded in extensive research, ERP helps rewire the brain’s response to intrusive thoughts, leading to long-term symptom relief.

Medication and Lifestyle Adjustments

In some cases, medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to help regulate brain chemistry and alleviate symptoms. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, mindfulness, and stress management techniques can play a crucial role in supporting overall mental well-being.

Breaking the Stigma

Understanding Obsessive Compulsive Disorder means acknowledging that it is not merely a preference for order or cleanliness. It is a serious mental health condition requiring professional intervention. Unfortunately, misconceptions about OCD can prevent individuals from seeking the help they need. By raising awareness and fostering open discussions, we can break the stigma surrounding OCD and encourage those affected to seek proper support.

Take the First Step Towards Healing

If you’ve been struggling with intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors that interfere with your life, seeking help can make all the difference. With the right treatment and support, individuals with OCD can lead fulfilling lives, free from the constraints of anxiety-driven rituals. You are more than your OCD. Take a step toward healing by reaching out for support. Help is available, and you deserve peace of mind. When you’re ready, click here to schedule an appointment.

O post Understanding Obsessive Compulsive Disorder apareceu primeiro em InterCultural Psychology, by Silvana Byrne.

What is Social Anxiety?

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders, affecting between 2% and 7% of the population yearly. Symptoms include:

• Persistent fear of social situations.
• Avoiding social interactions or enduring them with distress.
• Self-consciousness and fear of scrutiny.
• Physical symptoms like blushing, trembling, sweating, or nausea.
• Overanalyzing social interactions before and after they occur.

Common Real-Life Examples of Social Anxiety

Difficulty Speaking in Public

Many individuals experience extreme nervousness when required to speak in front of others, whether in a classroom, a work meeting, or a social setting. Despite extensive preparation, they may struggle to articulate their thoughts, stumble over words, or avoid making eye contact. Afterward, they replay the situation in their mind, convinced they embarrassed themselves. Over time, this anxiety can lead to avoiding situations that require public speaking altogether.

Avoidance of Social Gatherings

Some people find social gatherings overwhelming and prefer to minimize interactions to reduce anxiety. At events like family reunions or workplace parties, they may engage in tasks like refilling drinks, cleaning up, or staying near exits to avoid prolonged conversations. This avoidance, however, often reinforces their belief that they are socially inadequate, leading to further isolation and distress.

Anxiety in Everyday Interactions

Ordering food at a restaurant, making small talk with a cashier, or answering the phone can be distressing for those with social anxiety. The fear of saying the wrong thing or being judged can cause them to overthink responses or avoid these interactions entirely, often relying on online services or written communication instead.

Fear of Being the Center of Attention

Situations that put someone in the spotlight, such as celebrating a birthday in public, receiving an award, or being asked an unexpected question in a group, can trigger intense discomfort. The fear of all eyes being on them can lead to physical symptoms like sweating, blushing, or shaking, making the experience even more distressing.

Workplace and School-Related Anxiety

In professional or academic environments, social anxiety may manifest as hesitancy to contribute in meetings, reluctance to ask questions, or avoidance of networking events. Individuals may fear sounding unintelligent or being perceived as socially awkward, which can limit career or academic growth opportunities.

Neurodivergent Individuals

Its is important understanding that Social anxiety can be especially challenging for neurodivergent individuals, such as those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

• Autistic Individuals: Social anxiety may stem from difficulty interpreting social cues, past negative experiences, or sensory overload in social environments.
• ADHD Individuals: Impulsivity and difficulty regulating emotions can lead to negative social interactions, contributing to fear of judgment.

Both groups may experience Rejection Sensitivity Dysphoria (RSD)—an extreme emotional reaction to perceived rejection or criticism. RSD can amplify social anxiety, making interactions feel overwhelmingly distressing.

What Keeps Social Anxiety Going?

Research indicates that social anxiety is maintained by several factors, including:

• Negative self-image: Individuals believe they look anxious or foolish.
• Self-focused attention: Heightened awareness of one’s own behavior leads to exaggerated perceptions of anxiety symptoms.
• Avoidance and safety behaviors: Strategies like avoiding eye contact, rehearsing conversations, or staying quiet prevent learning that feared situations are safe.
• Post-event rumination: Overanalyzing past interactions can reinforce negative self-perceptions and increase future anxiety.

What Causes Social Anxiety?

While there is no single cause of social anxiety, contributing factors include:

• Genetics: A predisposition to anxiety disorders.
• Early life experiences: Bullying, trauma, or overly critical environments can increase the risk of social anxiety.
• Personality traits: Shy or inhibited individuals may be more susceptible.
• Evolutionary influences: Fear of social rejection may have been a survival mechanism in human history.

Overcoming Social Anxiety with CBT

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatments for overcoming social anxiety. It focuses on changing thought patterns and behaviors that maintain fear. CBT includes:

• Cognitive Restructuring: Identifying and challenging unhelpful thoughts.
• Exposure Therapy: Gradually facing social situations to reduce fear.
• Behavioral Experiments: Testing beliefs by engaging in social situations and evaluating outcomes.
• Relaxation Techniques: Breathing exercises and mindfulness to manage physical symptoms.

If social anxiety is affecting your daily life, know that support is available. Seeking help doesn’t mean facing everything at once—it’s about taking small, manageable steps toward improvement. A professional therapist can provide guidance tailored to your needs, helping you build confidence and navigate social situations with greater ease. If you’re ready to explore how therapy can help, consider reaching out to schedule a session here at your own pace.

O post Understanding Social Anxiety apareceu primeiro em InterCultural Psychology, by Silvana Byrne.

How Trauma Rewires the Brain

How trauma changes the brain and body leads to significant changes in three key brain regions involved in fear processing, memory, and emotional regulation:

• Amygdala: The brain’s fear center becomes hyperactive, heightening threat perception and causing individuals to feel constantly on edge. Everyday stimuli can trigger intense fear responses, even in safe environments.
• Hippocampus: Responsible for memory formation and distinguishing past from present, the hippocampus often shrinks after trauma. This reduction contributes to intrusive memories, flashbacks, and difficulty differentiating between real and perceived threats.
• Prefrontal Cortex: This region, which regulates emotions and rational thinking, becomes underactive. Impaired function reduces an individual’s ability to regulate fear responses, making them more reactive and less able to counteract emotional distress.

Together, these changes explain why trauma symptoms persist and can be difficult to control. The overactive amygdala and underactive prefrontal cortex create an imbalance that reinforces hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, and emotional dysregulation.

When Trauma Becomes PTSD

Experiencing trauma does not always lead to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but for some, the brain’s response to distressing events becomes deeply ingrained. Trauma can overwhelm the nervous system, but most people gradually recover. PTSD develops when the brain remains stuck in a heightened state of fear and stress, leading to persistent symptoms.

People with PTSD often experience flashbacks, which are vivid, involuntary re-experiences of the trauma, making them feel as if they are reliving it. Other symptoms include avoidance of reminders, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance. These arise from brain changes, including an overactive amygdala (fear processing) and an underactive prefrontal cortex (emotional regulation).

The Body’s Response to Trauma

Trauma profoundly impacts the body through the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. Trauma can dysregulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), leaving individuals stuck in a state of hyperarousal or dissociation.

Hyperarousal: The Fight-or-Flight Response

When the SNS is overactive, individuals experience:

• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Shallow breathing
• Muscle tension and restlessness
• Difficulty sleeping
• Exaggerated startle response

This constant state of alertness is exhausting and can contribute to secondary conditions like chronic pain, gastrointestinal issues, and autoimmune disorders.

Dissociation: The Freeze Response

Alternatively, some individuals experience dissociation, a coping mechanism where the body shuts down in response to overwhelming stress. Symptoms include:

• Emotional numbness
• Memory gaps (dissociative amnesia)
• Feeling disconnected from reality (depersonalization)
• Fatigue and low energy

Understanding Dissociation 

What is Dissociation?

Dissociation is a mental process where a person disconnects from their thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of identity. It can manifest in various ways, such as identity confusion, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, depersonalization, and derealization. During traumatic experiences, dissociation can serve as a survival mechanism, allowing individuals to mentally escape overwhelming situations.

Why Do People Dissociate During Trauma?

Dissociation is often triggered during trauma as an automatic response to extreme fear or helplessness. When a person perceives imminent danger, their nervous system activates a defense mechanism known as the defense cascade, which includes freeze, flight, fight, fright, flag, and faint responses. Dissociation is most likely to occur during the latter stages, when the body enters a state of immobilization and emotional numbing to cope with inescapable danger.

Long-Term Effects of Dissociation

Individuals who have experienced dissociation during trauma may continue to experience its effects long after the event. These may include:

• Flashbacks and Intrusive Memories: Vivid recollections of the traumatic event that feel as if they are happening in the present.
• Emotional Numbing: A lack of emotional responsiveness or a sense of detachment from reality.
• Feeling Disconnected from Reality: A sensation of being spaced out or dissociated from one’s surroundings.

Managing Dissociation with Grounding Techniques

Grounding techniques help individuals reconnect with the present moment and regain control over dissociative symptoms. These techniques fall into two main categories:

1. Sensory Grounding Techniques

These techniques use the five senses to anchor a person to their surroundings:

• Sight: Identify five things you can see around you.
• Sound: Focus on specific sounds, such as birds chirping or a ticking clock.
• Touch: Hold a textured object, such as a stone or piece of fabric, to bring awareness to your body.
• Smell: Use a strong scent, such as peppermint or lavender, to reconnect with reality.
• Taste: Suck on a mint or take a sip of a flavored drink to engage your sense of taste.

2. Cognitive Grounding Techniques

These techniques use mental exercises to focus on the present:

• Orient Yourself: State your name, the date, and where you are to reinforce awareness.
• Self-Reassurance: Repeat comforting phrases such as “I am safe now” or “This moment is different from my past.”
• Mindfulness: Focus on deep breathing or guided meditation to bring awareness to the present.

Integrating Neuroscience into Trauma Recovery

Healing from trauma requires a comprehensive, evidence-based approach that combines both top-down  (thouth process) and bottom-up (body sensations) therapies. Cognitive interventions like CBT and TF-CBT help reframe thought patterns, while mindfulness, exercise, and grounding techniques work to restore physiological balance.

By understanding how trauma changes the brain and body, we can develop effective, individualized treatment plans that empower individuals to regain control. Whether through therapy, medication, or physiological interventions, the ultimate goal is to restore a sense of safety, resilience, and well-being.

If you’re ready to begin your healing journey and take back control, reach out  here to schedule a consultation and explore how therapy can support your recovery.

O post How Trauma Changes the Brain and Body apareceu primeiro em InterCultural Psychology, by Silvana Byrne.

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Let’s explore how anxiety takes hold and how breaking the anxiety cycle with CBT can free you from constant worry.

How the Anxiety Cycle Works

Every anxious episode starts with a trigger—a situation, thought, or uncertainty that sparks fear.

🔹 Example: You get an email about a work presentation, and suddenly, the thought “What if I mess up?” pops into your head.

At first, the worry is mild. But as you focus on it, your brain amplifies the fear: “If I fail, my boss will think I’m incompetent. I could lose my job.” Your heart races, your stomach tightens, and soon, you feel overwhelmed.

In an attempt to relieve this discomfort, you might:

• Avoid the situation (calling in sick to skip the presentation).
• Over-prepare (rehearsing obsessively to prevent mistakes).
• Seek reassurance (asking coworkers multiple times if your slides are okay).

These behaviors offer short-term relief but reinforce the idea that anxiety = danger. Over time, your brain learns to fear similar situations, keeping you stuck in the anxiety cycle.

Breaking the Anxiety Cycle with CBT

CBT teaches you how to retrain your brain and change the way you respond to anxiety. Here’s how:

1. Challenge Anxious Thoughts (Cognitive Restructuring)

   

Anxiety distorts reality, making worst-case scenarios feel inevitable. CBT helps you identify and challenge these unhelpful thinking patterns.

 Ask yourself:

“Is my fear based on facts or assumptions?”

 “Has this worry ever actually come true?”

 “If the worst happened, how would I handle it?”

By questioning your anxious thoughts, you weaken their power and shift toward a more balanced perspective.

2. Face Anxiety in Small Steps (Exposure Therapy)

Avoidance fuels anxiety. The more you avoid, the scarier situations feel. CBT encourages gradual exposure, where you face fears step by step to build confidence.

Example: If public speaking makes you anxious, don’t start with a huge audience. Begin by practicing alone, then in front of a friend, then a small group, and so on. Each success teaches your brain: “I can handle this.”

3. Break the Reassurance Habit

Seeking reassurance, asking others if you’ll be okay, feeds anxiety. Instead of looking for external validation, CBT helps you to tolerate uncertainty.

🔹 Try replacing “Do you think I’ll fail?” with “I don’t know the outcome, but I trust myself to handle it.” Over time, this builds resilience.

4. Shift from Overthinking to Action

Anxiety thrives on inactivity. When you stay stuck in “what if” thoughts, they multiply. CBT encourages you to redirect worry into action.

🔹 Instead of spiraling into “What if I fail?”, ask: “What’s one small step I can take right now?” This shift breaks the overthinking loop and builds momentum.

Breaking the anxiety cycle with CBT is possible. By challenging your thoughts, facing your fears, and changing your response to anxiety, you can weaken its grip and regain control.

If you’re struggling with anxiety, professional support can make the process easier. Book a CBT session here.

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Why Does Living Abroad Trigger Anxiety?

Moving to another country often brings a mix of excitement and stress. You might have prepared financially, researched your destination, and planned everything meticulously. Yet, the reality of being surrounded by unfamiliar faces, customs, and a new language can push anyone out of their comfort zone. Anxiety in this context is a natural response to the unknown.

Anxiety often intensifies due to the new responsibilities, challenges, and mental strain of adapting to life abroad. Tasks that were once simple—like grocery shopping or making small talk—become mentally exhausting when done in a foreign language. This heightened mental effort can leave you feeling drained, making it harder to focus and solve problems effectively.

Understanding Anxiety to Change Your Approach

To manage anxiety, it’s essential to understand it. Anxiety is an evolutionary mechanism designed to protect us. Known as the “fight-or-flight” response, it prepares the body to react to danger. While this response is essential for physical threats, many modern stressors, like adapting to a new culture, trigger the same reaction unnecessarily.

For instance, if you’re trying to navigate an unfamiliar public transportation system or speak a foreign language fluently, your body might interpret these challenges as “unsafe,” causing physical symptoms like rapid heart rate, tense muscles, or difficulty concentrating. Understanding this process helps you realize that these reactions are temporary and manageable.

When Does Anxiety Become a Problem?

Anxiety becomes problematic when it’s persistent or disproportionate. Instead of motivating you to adapt, it can lead to excessive worry, an inflated sense of risk, and diminished confidence in your problem-solving abilities. For example, you might avoid social interactions for fear of making a mistake, which can hinder language learning and cultural integration.

Common physical and mental effects of anxiety include:

• Rapid heartbeat
• Shallow breathing
• Muscle tension
• Difficulty concentrating
• Struggles with learning or remembering new information

These effects can make adjusting to a new culture even more daunting, but the good news is that they can be managed with effective strategies.

Practical CBT-Based strategies to manage anxiety while living abroad

Accept Your Anxiety

Recognize that anxiety is a natural response and not a sign of failure. Fighting anxiety often intensifies it. Instead, remind yourself that the physical sensations of anxiety will pass and that you are not defined by this temporary state. Replace thoughts like “I’ll never adapt” with “This is challenging, but I’m learning and growing.”

Challenge Negative Thoughts

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) emphasizes examining your thoughts. Anxiety often stems from negative or distorted thinking, such as catastrophizing. Ask yourself: “What am I thinking right now? Is this thought based on facts or fears?” Replace worst-case-scenario thinking with realistic, positive perspectives. For example, instead of “I’ll embarrass myself speaking this language,” think, “Making mistakes is part of learning.”

Focus on Your Breathing

When anxiety strikes, controlled breathing can help calm your nervous system. Try this simple technique: inhale deeply through your nose for four counts, hold your breath for four counts, and exhale slowly through your mouth for four counts. Repeat several times to restore a sense of balance.

Practice Mindful Observation

Shift your focus outward by engaging your senses. Look around and notice colors, textures, sounds, or smells. This technique grounds you in the present moment, reducing the spiral of anxious thoughts. Nature settings are especially effective for this practice, offering calming stimuli that can ease stress.

Incorporate Physical Activity

Exercise helps release tension and boosts endorphins, the body’s “happy hormones.” Engage in activities you enjoy, like walking, cycling, or yoga. Stretching exercises can also relieve muscle tension commonly caused by anxiety, especially in the neck, back, and shoulders.

Coping with anxiety while living abroad is a journey, but it’s entirely achievable with the right mindset and tools. By accepting your feelings, challenging unhelpful thoughts, and practicing grounding techniques, you can adapt to your new environment with greater ease and confidence. Remember, anxiety doesn’t define you—it’s just a part of the process of growing and thriving in a new culture.

If you’re feeling overwhelmed and need extra support, consider scheduling an appointment. Together, we can create tailored strategies to help you navigate your experience abroad with greater confidence. Schedule your appointment here.

O post Coping with Anxiety While Living Abroad: Practical CBT Strategies apareceu primeiro em InterCultural Psychology, by Silvana Byrne.

For many people, just thinking about being in a relationship can cause stress. In the early stages, worries might pop up, such as:

“Is this relationship serious and going to last?”

Sadly, these concerns often get worse over time. As the bond grows stronger, anxiety can increase. These worries may make you feel lonely, creating a gap between you and your partner. If anxiety gets too strong, it might even make you want to give up on love completely.

What Causes Anxiety in Romantic Relationships?

Falling in love can be hard because it brings surprises and things you can’t control. The more you care about someone, the more afraid you might be of losing them or getting hurt. Strangely, this fear often happens when you’re finally experiencing the love you always wanted.

When you’re in a relationship, it’s not just what happens between you and your partner that makes you anxious. It’s also what you think and feel about what’s happening. Your inner critical voice adds to your fear with thoughts like:

“You’re too unattractive/boring to keep someone interested.”

“You’ll never find anyone, so why bother trying?”

“You can’t trust anyone.”

“They don’t really love you.”

“Leave before you get hurt.”

This inner voice can create tension between you and your loved one. It lowers your confidence, builds mistrust, and makes you act defensive, jealous, or overly worried. Instead of enjoying your relationship, you spend time stressing about it, which can create the distance you’re afraid of.

Insights from Attachment Theory

Attachment theory, created by John Bowlby, explains that the way we connect with people as adults comes from how we bonded with caregivers when we were young. If your caregivers were unreliable or distant, you might fear abandonment or find it hard to trust others. These patterns often follow us into adult relationships, leading to anxiety, clinginess, or avoiding closeness.

How Core Beliefs in CBT Affect Relationship Anxiety

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) talks about core beliefs—deep ideas we have about ourselves, others, and the world. If you believe things like “I’m unlovable” or “People will always hurt me,” you might see even small issues in your relationship as proof that your fears are real. These beliefs create negative thoughts that make anxiety worse and make it hard to feel secure with your partner.

How Can I Overcome Anxiety in Romantic Relationships?

To deal with relationship anxiety, it’s important to focus on yourself and how you think:

1. Take a Close Look at Your Relationship

Think honestly about your relationship. Is it adding to your insecurities and worries? If you are in an unhealthy or abusive relationship, this might be why you feel so anxious. Friends and family can often give valuable feedback to help you see the situation clearly.

On the other hand, you might find that your relationship is actually healthy, and the real problem is how you think and feel about yourself.

2. Avoid Seeking Reassurance

It’s important to keep your independence and sense of self. If you rely too much on your partner to feel okay, it can make you feel even more anxious and unsure over time.

From a CBT perspective, seeking reassurance might help calm you for a little while, but it can make your anxiety worse in the long run. When you ask your partner things like, “Do you still love me?” or “Are we okay?” you might feel better for a moment, but this habit keeps your fears alive. It also makes you depend on your partner to feel secure.

Instead, try to trust yourself. Your feelings are your own, and you can handle them without needing constant approval from others.

3. Stay Busy and Shift Your Focus

When your relationship becomes the only thing you focus on, it’s easy to lose balance in your life. You may start to feel overwhelmed, as everything revolves around your partner. Shifting your attention to other aspects of your life can help you feel more grounded and reduce anxiety. It’s important to remember that a healthy relationship is built on both partners having their own lives too.

Getting involved in activities, hobbies, or exercise gives you something else to focus on besides your relationship. At first, it might feel like you’re just keeping yourself busy, but over time, these things can help you create a more fulfilling and balanced life. When you engage in activities that make you happy, you not only improve your well-being but also bring a refreshed, positive energy back into your relationship.

By taking care of yourself, nurturing your interests, and giving yourself time to recharge, you’ll feel better emotionally and mentally. This self-care allows you to show up as the best version of yourself, leading to a stronger and more positive connection with your partner. Remember, a balanced life outside the relationship helps you maintain a healthy bond with your loved one.

4. Let Go of Control

The real problem isn’t always your partner or relationship but the negative thoughts that play in your mind. These thoughts often distort how you see things and push you toward actions that hurt you or your relationship.

Notice the thoughts that feed your anxiety and ask yourself if they’re really true. Replace them with kinder, more encouraging ones. This process can help you feel safer and less worried about your relationship.

Instead of criticising yourself, try to be kind. Think about how you’d comfort a friend feeling the way you do—and treat yourself the same way.

Do you notice thoughts and feelings that are stopping you from enjoying your relationship? If you relate to this topic and feel it’s something you’re struggling with, therapy can provide a deeper understanding and tools to help you feel more secure. Click here to schedule an appointment and start working toward healthier, happier relationships.

Silvana Byrne

O post How anxiety affects romantic relationships apareceu primeiro em InterCultural Psychology, by Silvana Byrne.

ONCE UPON A TIME

There was a boy named João, born in Brazil. His family was very humble and moved from the Northeast to São Paulo when João was just a child. João, the eldest of three siblings, always worked hard to help his parents. Through sheer effort, he graduated in Information Systems and built a successful career, eventually landing a management role in a multinational company.

João’s team and colleagues admired him greatly. Recognised for his talent and leadership skills, he excelled in everything he did. But nobody could imagine what João was really going through. Inside, he felt like a failure. He believed his success was down to luck and feared one day everyone would find out he wasn’t who they thought he was. João felt insecure, anxious, and terrified of losing everything he had achieved.

Worse still, João thought people might see him as a fraud, an impostor. He believed he only chose his career because it seemed like an easier path in IT—not because he had talent. Constantly comparing himself to his colleagues, João felt inferior and struggled with self-doubt, as if he were an actor in his own life.

A NEW ADVENTURE ABROAD

One day, João decided to go abroad, hoping a new chapter would erase his insecurities. He wanted to improve his English and dreamed this change would finally make him feel confident. João thought he needed more qualifications—or perhaps even a career change.

He enrolled in an intermediate English course. Within a month, he moved to an advanced level, but he thought it was just luck or the school being generous. João believed, “I’m just lucky because I work hard.”

With a student visa, João searched tirelessly for work and quickly landed a job as a shop assistant at Penneys. A few months later, he was promoted to supervisor. Despite his promotion, João felt even more insecure. As a foreigner, he thought people might realise he wasn’t talented or capable of leadership.

Even in Ireland, João’s insecurities followed him. His intermediate English and cultural differences didn’t stop others from seeing him as an efficient, intelligent, and talented employee. But João kept thinking he didn’t deserve the praise. He worried about his English, his foreign status, and believed one day he’d be exposed as a fraud.

IMPOSTOR SYNDROME

João’s story is fictional, but it highlights a psychological phenomenon called Impostor Syndrome.

People like João (who could also be Maria—or even you!) feel they must meet impossible standards of perfection. They struggle to believe their success is deserved or a result of their talent and effort. Instead, they credit luck or opportunity, overlooking their own hard work.

Those with impostor syndrome often fixate on their mistakes and dismiss their achievements. Like João, they’re haunted by negative thoughts:

• “What will they think of me?”
• “If I fail, they’ll reject me because I’m a foreigner.”
• “My colleague speaks better English than I do.”

BEING A FOREIGNER IS NOT A FLAW

Being a foreigner often brings feelings of insecurity and inadequacy. Many feel they need to work harder than others to prove themselves. But who said being different is a disadvantage? Is this belief rooted in societal prejudice?

Think about it: being a foreigner is just one of your many traits—not a limitation. It’s part of what makes you unique. Instead of letting it hold you back, use it as a strength.

You deserve credit for your talents. But before seeking validation from others, start believing it yourself.

SELF-ACCEPTANCE IS KEY

Accepting yourself doesn’t mean settling for less. Improve your skills, like your English or work performance, but remember: when you make mistakes, it’s okay. You did your best at that moment.

Stop comparing yourself to others, especially native speakers, and don’t let self-doubt take over. Embrace who you are. Your accent is part of your identity—it’s not a flaw, just a characteristic.

When you compare yourself to others, it’s easy to think they’re “better.” But you’ve come so far. If you can make an impression speaking a second language, the credit is all yours. Recognise your achievements and own your success.

ABANDON PERFECTIONISM AND SEEK SUPPORT

Let go of impossible standards. Build self-confidence, stop seeking external validation, and be kinder to yourself. Success is deserved—and once you believe that, you’ll feel at home in your own achievements.

Feeling like João? Take action today.

Impostor Syndrome and self-doubt can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face them alone. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a proven approach to help challenge these negative beliefs and build lasting self-confidence.

If you’re looking to build more confidence and work through self-doubt, booking a CBT therapy session could be a helpful step. You’ve earned your success, and it’s time to believe in it.  Book a therapy session here.

O post Overcoming Impostor Syndrome apareceu primeiro em InterCultural Psychology, by Silvana Byrne.